EFFECT FROM REPEATED DOSE OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SINGAWALANG LEAVES (PETIVERIA ALLIACEA. L) ON HISTOPATOLOGIC FINDINGS OF LIVER AND KIDNEY WITH AMINOTRANSFERASE ENZYMES AND CREATININE LEVELS OF MALE MICE

Abstract

The safety and efficacy of herbal products have been guaranteed usually based on their long history of clinical application one of them is singawalang (Petiveria alliacea .L). However, increasing concern exists regarding the lack of scientific evidence for the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. To investigate the toxicity effects from repeated dose of ethanol extract of singawalang leaves on liver and kidney, the research was carried out based on method from OECD Guideline: Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. The ethanol extract of singawalang leaves was orally administered daily to three group of tested mice at dose of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg bw/day for a period of 28 days also one group have been used as control group (NaCMC 0,5%). The study was carried out to determined percentage of necrosis-liver cell, diameter of glomerular kidney, ALT, AST, and creatinine serum levels. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA method (p < 0,5). The ethanol extract of singawalang leaves show significant effect of toxicity at dose of 3000 and 5000 mg/kg bw by increased percentage of necrosis-liver cell, ALT, AST, and creatinine serum levels compared to control group. The data also shows at dose of 1000 mg/kg bw there is no toxicity effect was observed.